Perspectives on 4th of July

The Fourth of July is a great time for a conversation about varied perspectives.  These words from a speech by Frederick Douglass in 1852 can help students think about how different people may feel about various holidays.  The speech also illustrates the way primary documents can help us better understand history.  Check out this lesson on primary documents and perspectives for July 4th.

Fireworks Storytime

Fireworks are one of the best parts of summertime celebrations.  And, they make a fun theme for learning.  Check out these ideas for some festive fireworks learning.

Start by reading Red, White, and Boom! by Lee Wardlaw and Huy Voun Lee.  This picture book about Fourth of July celebrations includes diverse characters, beautiful cut paper illustrations, and brief rhyming text that helps readers explore the traditions of the holiday.

Older readers will enjoy Kama Einhorn's The Explosive Story of Fireworks! This 48-page non-fiction chapter book is part of publisher Simon Spotlight's History of Fun Stuff series.  You can get a boxed set of these engaging titles, called History of Fun Stuff to Go!, including the fireworks book plus five more.  This historical look at fireworks can also be used as a read-aloud, especially for children who are not ready to read this challenging text independently.  Daniel Guidera's colorful and playful illustrations will hold listeners' attention while they hear about firecracker displays of the past.

Then watch Fireworks ABCs from Sesame Street.

This quick segment shows each letter of the alphabet in a fireworks display.  It's a great way to review the letters using the fireworks theme.

For a fun science connection, head to Toddler Approved to learn how to make fizzing fireworks using a few basic household items.  During this activity, you can discuss the chemical reaction that happens when vinegar and baking soda mix.

You can practice lots of art and math skills by making fireworks hats.

Connie at Little Stars Learning explains in detail how to help little learners create these holiday hats while practicing skills such as pattern making and graphing.

Another fun craft is fireworks painting.  Grab some dark paper, paint, and cardboard tubes.  Make lots of cuts in one end of the cardboard tubes.  Then fold the fringey pieces back to create a firework stamp.

Let children stamp their tube into the paint and then onto the dark paper to create their own painted fireworks display.  We added a little glitter to our paint to make the fireworks extra sparkly.

   

While We're On the Topic of Family Separations

Two weeks ago, I shared some thoughts about how to help stop family separations at the U.S. / Mexico border and how to talk with children about immigration.  Since then, our country has rolled up its sleeves to pressure decision makers to find a better plan.  Many fundraisers have collected money for the ACLU and local organizations like RAICES who are working to protect immigrant families.  Yesterday, hundreds of rallies and marches took place across the U.S. demanding better treatment for our neighbors in need.  The collective passion and kindness around this concern is awesome and inspiring, and it creates hope that we can inch closer to compassion and inclusivity.

But, even if all border separations stopped today, our country would still be facing an urgent family separation crisis.  These heart-wrenching, recent scenes of children being ripped from their parents' arms are not unusual, unprecented, or un-American; rather they are part of a long-standing American tradition of dividing minority families to maintain or gain power and wealth.  At this time, 2.7 million American children are separated from their parents due to incarceration.  Non-white children are the most likely to have incarcerated parents.  Two-thirds of the parents are in jail or prison for non-violent offenses.  Research shows that having a parent in jail or prison can have dire consequences, from struggles in school to homelessness, for children.

Millions of additional children are separated from their parents each year when they are placed in juvenile detention.  Most of those juvenile offenders committed non-violent offenses.  In fact, 25% of incarcerated youth are held for very minor offenses that would not even warrant incarceration if committed by an adult (such as violating curfew).  10% of detained children are actually held in adult facilities.  Like their adult counterparts, incarcerated children are disproportionately people of color.  Only 14% of American children are black, but 43% of detained boys and 34% of detained girls are black children.  According the the Prison Policy Initiative,

Incarceration has serious, harmful effects on a person’s mental and physical health, their economic and social prospects, their relationships, and on the people around them. This is true for adults, of course, but the experience of being removed from their homes and locked up is even more damaging for youth, who are in a critical stage of development and are more vulnerable to abuse.

These are only the most recent examples of American family separation policies.  Until the 1970s, the U.S. took Native American children from their families and forced them to attend boarding schools where they were required to replace their native languages, religions, and cultures with "American" practices.  During WWII, thousands of Japanese Americans, including 30,000 children, were relocated from their homes into prison camps.  During America's long history of slavery, families were routinely divided through slave auctions, not just for profit but also to better control the heartbroken humans who were being held as property.  And, throughout our country's history, including the present day, poor children have been removed from their homes under the pretense that their parents are simply unable to provide adequate care for them, despite the fact that their removal often sends them to live in alternate, but equally or more deprived circumstances within our foster care system.  Of course, the ultimate example of systemic family separation can be seen in the American tradition of murdering unarmed, innocent black men and boys who are not even allowed to stand trial before being executed often based on accusations that would not even lead to incarceration if proven true.  Beyond the trauma inflicted on families of the deceased, research indicates that when unarmed black people are killed by police, the mental health of entire black communities is adversely affected.

All of that history to say, if you believe that Families Belong Together, the Mexican border should only be a fraction of your concern.  Facing these centuries-old systemic tragedies, you may be wondering, "what's a person with a conscience to do?"  The good news is that the same passionate energy that's influencing communities and their leaders to adjust immigration policy can also pressure elected officials to protect other American families.

Step 1: Write, call, and visit your elected leaders to let them know you are aware of America's legacy of family separation and to demand better policies.  Suggest laws that would end incarceration for non-violent offenders, reduce sentencing guidelines for those who are detained, reserve juvenile detention for only the most extreme circumstances, and eliminate incentives for expansion of the for-profit prison system.  Use this tool from the League of Women Voters to figure out who to contact.

Step 2: If you are able, financially support organizations that are devoted to improving the American justice system, including the ACLU and the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Step 3: Provide the children in your life with on-going opportunities to befriend people who are different from them and understand the life experiences of others.  Teach them to extend care and hospitality to those around them, and have frank, age-appropriate conversations about the systems in our country that limit certain people's opportunities to live freely with the families who love them.  Books are an outstanding resource for introducing people to new ideas and to the circumstances of others' lives.

A new picture book, called Something Happened in Our Town: A Child's Story About Racial Injustice, was written by three PhDs who've spent decades working as community advocates for children's health and social justice.  The book focuses on two families, one black and one white, as they grapple with a recent police shooting in their city.  The story and its appendices are meant to support parents as they have difficult conversations with their children about the scary examples of racism and violence that often dominate the news.

Which children's books are you using to start conversations with children about how we expect families to be treated in our country?

Taking Action to Stop Migrant Family Separations

For the last several weeks, the United States has been enforcing new policies regarding immigration across the border with Mexico.  The results of Attorney General Sessions' "zero tolerance" approach have included the suicide of a forlorn Honduran father and the traumatic separation of hundreds of small children from their parents during border crossings without concern for whether their parents have even committed a crime or might actually be legal asylum seekers.  The children who, of course, have committed no offenses against anyone, are being held in temporary shelters that are overfilled and unfit to provide them appropriate care. In several cases, children in the shelters have been prohibited from hugging or being held even though they had just been traumatically separated from their caregivers.  The president of the American Academy of Pediatrics visited a facility in South Texas and then warned that the separations are causing "toxic stress" and doing "irreparable harm" to the children involved.
As a longtime educator and a mother of two small children, I have been left speechless since the inception of this new family separation policy.  I have felt stricken with horror, anger, and heartache.  I've been afraid to let myself hear the evolving news about this new way of treating neighbors in need for fear that I might fall to pieces under the weight of the tragedy.  But, I've been unable to avoid hearing of the unfolding atrocities, and there is no way to stand by during this alarming treatment of human children.  Irreparable harm is not something we can wait out or make up for.
For starters, we have to know what is happening and then be able to explain why it defies human morals across cultures and eras.  Today, I finally emerged from the rock where I've been hiding in fear that the next policy whim could try to rip the children from my own desperate hands and got my thoughts together enough to begin contacting my elected representatives.  I decided to share my note here in case it may help anyone else articulate their own concerns.  Please find your voice to advocate for the helpless migrant children affected by these policies.  You can find out who your elected officials are by entering your zip code in this handy tool from the League of Women Voters.

I'm writing to ask you to take immediate action to stop the separation of children from their parents during asylum related border crossings.  This new policy is reprehensible.  As the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics has noted, these separation events are likely to cause permanent harm to the children involved.  Our country and state should be horrified and ashamed.  Seeking asylum is not illegal and doesn't warrant incarceration in the first place. Going further to knowingly terrify and traumatize the children of our neighbors who are asking for assistance during extreme circumstances is appalling.  Protect innocent children!  Defend the honor of our hospitable culture!  Please speak out quickly about how Texas will repair its role in this atrocity!

If you are able, the next step is to donate to established organizations that are already working to protect migrant families.  You can give to the ACLU which is fighting family separation in court.  For more ideas about where your contributions could make a difference, check out this Refinery29 list of organizations working to protect families affected by new immigration policies.
Once you have spoken out and shared what you can, hug your children and read to them about people whose lives are different from their own.  Several beautiful new books that share immigrant stories have recently been published.

We Came To America, by Faith Ringgold, explores the many reasons and circumstances in which families have moved to the United States over time.

The Big Umbrella by Amy June Bates illustrates the unlimited nature of inclusivity as a resource through a metaphor about an expansive umbrella.

Find more recommendations in this list from last year: Stories of Refugees and Immigration.

Bubble Fun + the Best Bubble Books

We recently held our annual Texas Reader's Club bubble day at school.  The celebration is for children who read widely across genres throughout the year.  This long-standing tradition is a favorite end-of-year activity, because BUBBLES!  Bubbles are so much fun with kids of all ages.  At our party, students travel in groups through several bubble stations.  After several years of hosting the bubble-themed party, I have refined our activities based on what works best and gets the most bubble bang with the least back-breaking effort.  Here are some of our favorites including the tools that we love most.

Big Bubbles

An easy activity that kids always enjoy is the big bubble station.  Students line up behind four tubs of bubble solution and take turns blowing gigantic bubbles.  The only special tools for this activity, other than the plastic tubs that we use for almost everything, are the giant bubble wands.  We have collected several plastic and metal versions over the years.  They all seem to work great as long as they have a nice long handle, so the kids can reach the bubble solution without ending up with their arms in the bucket.

Bubble Art

 

Bubble art is a super fun station that ends with a beautiful product.  Before students arrive, we set up four large pieces of paper by taping down the corners onto picnic tables or the ground using masking tape.  Any large, white paper will work as long as it has a rough-textured side that can absorb liquid. Next we prepare about four different colors of bubble solutions for each table by mixing several drops of food coloring or a packet of Kool-Aid Unsweetened Drink Mix into a cup of regular bubble solution.  Students use regular, small bubble wands to dip into the colored solution and then blow colored bubbles toward the big paper. We have collected wands over the years by saving them from regular-size bubble bottles.  The results are stunning, and the kids have lots of fun.  We have used these giant pieces of artwork to create posters to advertise the event in future years (as seen at the top of this post.)

A few things to keep in mind:
1. Yellow solution doesn't usually show up on the paper, so it's best to use other colors.
2. Red food coloring / Kool-Aid can stain clothes, so use your best judgement about the age group and temperament of your students when deciding whether you need smocks or if you just want to skip this color.
3. If you want to write a message on the poster, you can write with black crayon before students begin adding their bubble art.

Bubble Boogie / Bubble Swat
If you've ever spent time around kids and bubbles, you know that a favorite activity is just chasing and popping bubbles.  To turn this into an organized activity that doesn't require an adult to pass out from blowing billions of bubble to chase, get a bubble machine!  I especially like the Blitz Bubble Fantasia Machine.  Over the years, I have tried out several bubble machines with mixed results.  I believed, for a long time, that most bubble machines just couldn't stand up to the workload I demand (about 2 hours of non-stop use).  But this year, I made an important discovery: the type of bubble solution you use really matters!  The Blitz Bubble Machine had no trouble putting out huge clouds of bubbles for as long as we needed as long as we kept using the Blitz bubble solution that came with it.  When we tried to fill it up with other solutions, it just fizzled.  The 35 oz. bottle of solution that came with the machine was more than enough for our event, but you may want to order back-up solution if you're planning to use the machine all summer long.  The Blitz brand has large bottles in fun scents like Apple and Grape.

At this station, you can play music and invite students to dance among the bubbles, or you can encourage them to swat the bubbles seeing how many they can pop.  Children can swat the bubbles with long bubbles wands (these come in the larger bottles of bubble solution), fly swatters, or just use their hands.  As you set up this area, notice which direction the wind is blowing.  Kids will want to chase the bubbles, so make sure they have some space to run in the direction the bubbles will fly without running into anything.  Avoid areas with anthills, storm drains, or other obstacles to prevent injuries, since children will be looking up at the bubbles as they run.

Bubble Books

At this station, kids get to cool down and read books about bubbles.  When preparing this station, look through your personal book collection as well as your neighborhood public library for anything about bubbles, baths, soap, or bubblegum.  

Some of our favorite bubble-related books include

President Taft Is Stuck in the Bath by Mac Barnett

Bubble Bubble by Mercer Mayer

The Pigeon Needs a Bath! by Mo Willems
Bubble Homes and Fish Farts by Fiona Bayrock
Bubble Trouble by Margaret Mahy
and What You Never Knew About Tubs, Toilets, & Showers by Patricia Lauber

 

What are your favorite bubble activities and bubble books?

Plant Power: Resources to Teach Kids about the Healing Powers of Plants

Listening to the potential side-effects listed in pharmaceutical commercials is enough to make you want to swear off prescription medicines for your whole family.  Of course, many pharmaceutical products can be helpful and even life-saving if used correctly.  But, many ailments can actually be treated with plants that are readily available if we know what to look for and how to use them.  These two qualifications keep most of us from trying simple, traditional healing methods, because we are afraid of doing it wrong.

You and your family can begin learning how to use healing herbs and plants with the help of resources from LearningHerbs.com.  The site offers several products for adults and children that can increase familiarity and comfort with identifying and using plants with healing properties to support the health of your family.  I am especially excited about their kid's book series, Herb Fairies.  Each book in the 13-story series uses a fantastical adventure to introduce many plants and their healing capabilities to young readers.  You can download book one for FREE to try it out with your children before ordering the boxed set.  The individual books are also available from Amazon.  The site also developed a learning board game called Wildcraft that teaches players 25 plants and their first-aid uses.

Additionally, you can print a FREE 7-page, full-color set of Home Apothecary cards that teach users about 16 healing plants and offer many recipes and ideas to use them.

 Kids may also enjoy Lesley Tierra's A Kid's Herb Book which uses coloring and activities to teach readers recipes, remedies, and other ways to use plants.

 To reinforce all the new learning, kids can use the Medicinal Plants Coloring Book to relax while reviewing the appearances of important healing plants.

Ideas for Using Your Instant Camera

I've always enjoyed taking pictures, so I was thrilled to receive a new Instax instant camera last December! I have lots of sweet childhood memories of eagerly waiting for the image to materialize on a Polaroid.  But, in the modern era of digital cameras, it takes a bit of a mentality shift in order to find the right occasions to break out your hip new instant camera and shake it like...well you know.
Check out these ideas that will get you using your real-film camera right away!

1. Fun photo display.
A quick Pinterest or Instagram search will yield tons of ideas for creating a beautiful photo display in your home or learning space using instant photos and other simple items.  Clip some photos onto a string of twinkle lights using small clothespins or arrange some photos on the wall in a grid using washi tape.  When the small photos are arranged neatly together, they will create a big visual impact and give you the opportunity to change out the images frequently for an ever-fresh look.
2. Party favors.
The next time you host a birthday party, you can use instant photos of guests with the birthday child as party favors.  Attendees will get to take home a memory of the party instead of a cheapy toy that will likely break almost immediately.  You can use special films like the pretty pastel Instax Macaron Film that match your party theme.  Another option is for party-goers to create their own frames as a party activity.  Offer a variety of stickers, washi tapes, or small objects like buttons or shells for guests to adhere around the edges of the photo.
3. Gift tags.
Make gifts extra special with instant photo gift tags using this idea from Polaroid.

4. Hostess gift.
When you are the guest at a party or other occasion, you can surprise your host by breaking out your instant camera to take a photo you can leave behind as a thank you.  Since tangible printed photos have become relatively scarce, a photo in hand has become a special treat.  My girls and I recently visited a new baby cousin in our family on her first day home from the hospital.  Before leaving, we took a photo of the new baby with her big sister and mommy.  This special memory took very little preparation on our part (just remember to bring the camera), but it was a unique momento for the newly expanded family.
5. Travel journal.
An instant camera can be a super fun journaling tool.  Adding instant shots of your vacation to a blank book can be fun way to remember the journey.  The opportunity to use the camera will motivate kids to get busy writing about their experiences and will keep little hands and minds busy during long road or plane trips.